SN 2023xgo: Helium rich Type Icn or Carbon-Flash Type Ibn supernova?
SN 2023xgo: Helium rich Type Icn or Carbon-Flash Type Ibn supernova?
Anjasha Gangopadhyay, Jesper Sollerman, Konstantinos Tsalapatas, Keiichi Maeda, Naveen Dukiya, Steve Schulze, Claes Fransson, Nikhil Sarin, Priscila J. Pessi, Mridweeka Singh, Jacob Wise, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Avinash Singh, Raya Dastidar, Miho Kawabata, Yu-Jing Qing, Kaustav K. Das, Daniel Perley, Christoffer Fremling, Kenta Taguchi, K-Ryan Hinds, Ragnhild Lunnan, Rishabh Singh Teja, Monalisa Dubey, Bhavya Ailawadhi, Smaranika Banerjee, Koji S Kawabata, Kuntal Misra, Devendra K Sahu, Sean J. Brennan, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Anna Y. C. Q Ho, Aleksandra Bochenek, Ben Rusholme, Russ R. Laher, Roger Smith, Josiah Purdum, Niharika Sravan
AbstractWe present observations of SN 2023xgo, a transitional Type Ibn/Icn SN, from $-5.6$ to 63 days relative to $r$-band peak. Early spectra show CIII $\lambda$5696 emission like Type Icn SNe, shifting to Type Ibn features. The He I velocities (1800-10000 km s$^{-1}$) and pseudo-equivalent widths are among the highest in the Ibn/Icn class. The light curve declines at 0.14 mag d$^{-1}$ until 30 days, matching SNe Ibn/Icn but slower than fast transients. SN 2023xgo is the faintest in our SN Ibn sample (M$_{r}$ = -17.65 $\pm$ 0.04) but shows typical colour and host properties. Semi-analytical modelling of the light curve suggests a compact CSM shell (10$^{12}$-10$^{13}$ cm), mass-loss rate between 10$^{-4}$-10$^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ with CSM and ejecta masses of $\sim$0.22 and 0.12 M$_{\odot}$, respectively. Post-maximum light-curve, spectral modelling favours a $\sim$3 M$_{\odot}$ helium star progenitor with extended ($\sim$10$^{15}$ cm), stratified CSM (density exponent of 2.9) and mass-loss rate of 0.1-2.7 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. These two mass-loss regimes imply a radially varying CSM, shaped by asymmetry or changes in the progenitors mass loss over time. This mass-loss behavior fits both binary and single-star evolution. Early Icn-like features stem from hot carbon ionization, fading to Ibn-like with cooling. SN 2023xgo thus offers rare insight into the connection between SNe Icn, Ibn, and SNe Ibn with ejecta signatures.