AGN STORM 2. XII. Ground-Based Optical Photometry and Lag Measurements of Mrk 817
AGN STORM 2. XII. Ground-Based Optical Photometry and Lag Measurements of Mrk 817
John W. Montano, Aaron J. Barth, Keith Horne, Edward M. Cackett, Gisella De Rosa, Yasaman Homayouni, Erin A. Kara, Gerard A. Kriss, Hermine Landt, Gilvan G. Apolonio, Nahum Arav, Benjamin D. Boizelle, Elena Dalla Bonta, Doron Chelouche, Maryam Dehghanian, Rick Edelson, Gary J. Ferland, Carina Fian, CHen Hu, Dragana Ilic, Michael D. Joner, Shai Kaspi, Christopher S. Kochanek, Andjelka B. Kovacevic, Collin Lewin, Sha-Sha Li, Yan-Rong Li, Jun-Rong Liu, Jake A. Miller, Jack M. M. Neustadt, Hagai Netzer, Paolo Ochner, Ethan R. Partington, Alessandro Pizzella, Rachel Plesha, Luka C. Popovic, David Sanmartim, Juan V. Hernandez Santisteban, Marianne Vestergaard, Jack H. F. Wookely, Sen Yang, Zhu-Heng Yao, Fatima Zaidouni
AbstractWe present the ground-based imaging campaign and light curves of Markarian 817 as part of the multiwavelength monitoring program AGN STORM\,2. Observations were carried out over 1.4 years in \emph{uBgVriz} filters, with a median cadence of 0.4 days in \emph{g}. Reverberation lags are measured using three methods (ICCF, JAVELIN, and PyROA) with the Swift UVW2 band (1928 Å) as the reference light curve. The ICCF centroid lags range from $3.0\pm0.8$ days for the $u$ band up to $7.9\pm1.5$ days for $z$, and are consistent with a $τ\propto λ^{4/3}$ dependence, the relation expected for lamp-post reprocessing by a Shakura-Sunyaev disk. Lags measured with the other methods are systematically shorter, and deviate from a $λ^{4/3}$ power-law spectrum at long wavelengths. The lags exceed thin-disk reprocessing predictions by factors of $\sim$3-6, similar to the ``disk size discrepancy'' seen in other Seyfert galaxies. We divide the campaign into three epochs with different levels of mean luminosity and X-ray obscuring column density and find that the lags vary by as much as a factor of 2 between epochs. The intrinsic spectral energy distribution is bluer and brighter during the first third of the campaign, and the longest continuum reverberation lags are obtained during that period. These results suggest that changes in ionizing luminosity can produce large variations in continuum lags on short timescales by altering the diffuse continuum luminosity emitted by the broad-line region and/or obscuring outflow, although changes in obscuration between the central engine and broad-line region may also contribute to the lag variations.